Toast fennel seeds, coriander seeds, cumin seeds, peppercorns, cinnamon stick, and dried red chilies in a hot cast-iron skillet over medium heat for a couple of minutes, or until fragrant.
Allow spices to cool for a couple of minutes, then remove chili stems and break cinnamon stick into smaller pieces. Pour the contents of the pan into a coffee grinder or spice mill, and pulse until ground.
Add in the turmeric powder and pulse a few times until uniformly mixed.
Notes
Make sure not to grind it too fine - there should still be some texture.
Begin with fresh spices for best results.
You can make a double batch and freeze half to extend its shelf life.
To make a wet rub, mix a few tablespoons with ¼ cup of olive oil and massage it into fish, chicken, lamb, or beef.